Encircle the correct answer:
(i) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a:
(a) Biosphere
(b) Community
(c) Ecosystem
(d) Population
(ii) Increased quantity and quality of fish production:
(a) Fisheries
(b) Farming
(c) Animal husbandry
(d) Forestry
(iii) Study of remote past organic life, with the help of fossils.
(a) Entomology
(b) Paleontology
(c) Taxonomy
(d) Histology
(iv) Laws and techniques of physics are applied to explain the living processes of life.
(a) Biometry
(b) Biostatistics
(c) Biophysics
(d) Bio-economics
(v) Choose the incorrect statement:
(a) Six elements such as C, H, O, N, S and P are called basic elements of life.
(b) Foundation of life based on chemicals.
(c) Members of different species form population.
(d) Part of earth where life exists is called biosphere
(vi) Science of diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
(a) Agriculture
(b) Medicine
(c) Surgery
(d) Both B and C
(vii) Similar cells combine together to form:
a) Organs
(b) System
(c) Tissue
(d) Body
(viii) Scientific name of frog is:
(a) Palaeon
(b) Rana tigrina
(c) Periplaneta
(d) Pheretima
(ix) Select the correct sequence of biological organization
(a) Atom → Cell → Tissue → Molecule → Organ
(b) Atom → Tissue → Cell → Molecule → Organ
(c) Atom → Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ
(d) Atom → Cell → Molecule →Tissue → Organ
(x) Volvox is a polyphyletic genus of
(a) Green algae
(b) Red algae
(c) Brown algae
(d) None of these
2. Fill in the blanks
(i) Techniques for manipulation of gene to achieve desirable characters are called Biotechnology
(ii) Distribution of different living organisms in different regions of the World Biogeography.
(iii) Part of agriculture for the development of new varieties of plant, and their fruit is Horticulture.
(iv) Bio elements considered as vital for life are __________ in members.
(v) Members of different species living in specific habitat are called Community
(vi) The Muslim scientists who identified many diseases like tuberculosis, meningitis and other such inflammations was Bu Ali Sina.
(vii) Part of earth where life exists is called Biosphere.
(viii) Foundation of life based on cell.
(ix) Fish is one of the best source of Protein.
(x) Radio labeling and carbon dating also show some uses of radioactiveisotopes in determining the age of fossils.
3. Define the following terms
(i) Anatomy
Anatomy: (Gr. ana; part/up, tome; cutting): The study of internal parts of body of living organisms by cutting them open.
(ii) Histology
Histology: (Gr. histos: tissue; logos, discourse): The study of structure of tissues of plant and animals.
(iii) Immunology
Immunology is a field of biomedical science that studies the structure and function of the immune system in all living things.
(iv) Pharmacology
Pharmacology: (Gr. pharmakon, drug;). The study about action of drugs.
(v) Entomology
Entomology is the science of insects and how they interact with humans, the environment, and other living things.
(vi) Biometry
Biomentry is the branch of mathematics which collects data of living organisms. It plays very important role in research.
(vii) Biogeography
Biogeography deals with the distribution of different living organisms in different geographical regions of the world.
(viii) Surgery
Surgery deals with repair, replacement or removal the affected organ.
(ix) Animal husbandry
This profession is part of agriculture science. It deals with the care and breeding of animals which are beneficial for man.
(x) Bioelements
Bioelements are the building blocks of living organisms. Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus are the most common bioelements in the human body.
4. Distinguish between the following in tabulated form
(i) Colonial organization and multicellular organization
| Colonial organization | multicellular organization |
| A colony of single-cell organisms is known as colonial organisms. | The organism formed by many cells is called as multicellularorganism. |
| In colonial type of cellular organization, each unicellular organism lives its own life, they are not dependent on each other and never form any multicellular structure. | A multicellular organism’s cells would not be able to live as separate cells. They are gathered together to do certain tasks. |
| Volvox is a green alga is an example of colonial form of organization | Frog and mustard plant are examples of multicellular organization. |
(ii) Agriculture and horticulture
| Agriculture | horticulture |
| Agriculture is the study of growing crops and raising livestock for the purpose of farming. | Horticulture is primarily concerned with the research, management, and growth of produced food crops and other plants. |
| Agriculture in large quantities demands just basic conditions and know-how and does not require complexity. | Horticulture requires a number of regulated conditions, as well as specialized techniques and equipment. |
| It is commonly carried out on a huge scale and in a variety of fields. | It is a subcategory of agriculture that deals with small-scale gardening. |
5. Write short answers of following questions.
(i) Why subject biology is named as multidimensional subject?
Biology is a considered as multidimensional subject because it describe the various aspect of life and linked with other sciences.For example, the movement of animals follows the laws of motion in physics.
(ii) How farming profession helps mankind?
Farming provides opportunity for individuals in underdeveloped countries to escape poverty. Agriculture employs almost 60% of the world’s working poor. Farmers, agricultural equipment manufacturers, food processing companies, transportation, infrastructure, and manufacturing all contribute to the creation of new jobs in agriculture.
(iii) Why species is called as smallest taxonomic level?
Species is the tiniest and most fundamental unit of classification. A group of individual creatures having essential similarities is considered a species in taxonomic studies.
(iv) How population is different from community?
All the members of a species, living in specific habitat are called Population where as the members of different species living in specific habitat are called as Community.
(v) How new varieties of plant are produced?
Genetic diversity allows to produce new varieties of plants. After choosing (primary plant) parents with desired qualities, they can be hybridized to produce superior offspring with both parent qualities.
(vi) Draw a labeled diagram of frog’s digestive system.
6. Write detailed answers of the following questions.
(i) Describe the role of Muslim scientists in the field of biology.
Contribution of Muslim Scientists:
The Muslim scientists have played great role in the development of biological science. They began experiments and observations from the first century of Hijra. Following are some details about the important Muslim scientists, who made significant contributions to the development of biology.
1. Jabir Bin Hayan (722-817 A.D):
He was born in Iran. He worked in the field of chemistry but he also wrote a number of books on plants and animals. “Al-Nabatiat” and “AlHaywan” are his two famous books on plants and animals, respectively.
2. Abdul Malik Asmai (741-828 A.D):
He was great zoologist and wrote many books on animals like “AlKheil” on horse, “Al-Ibil” on camels, “Al-Shat” on sheep, “Al-Wahoosh” on wild animals and “Khalqul Insan” on the different parts of human body and their functions.
3. Bu Ali Sina (980-1037 A.D):
He was greatest of all the Muslim scientists and considered as the founder of medicine. He is called as Avicenna in the west. He identified many diseases like tuberculosis, meningitis and other such
inflammations. He also worked in the field of mathematics, astronomy, physics, paleontology and music. He wrote book like “Al-Qanoon” and “Fil Tib Al-Shafa”.
(ii) Describe the relationships of biology to other sciences.
Relationship of biology with other sciences:
Biology is a multidimensional subject and linked with other sciences. For example, the movement of animals follows the laws of motion in physics. Biology is considered an interdisciplinary science, which is related with other sciences. Some of these are mentioned below:
Biophysics:
It is a branch of physics, in which laws and techniques of physics are applied to explain the processes of life. The radiophysics branch where radioactive isotopes are used to trace the translocation of different materials within the organisms. Radio-labeling and carbon dating also show some uses of radioactive isotopes in determining the age of fossils, uses of sound waves as ultrasound and laser technology show the relation of physics with biology.
Biomathematics/Biometry:
The branch of mathematics which collects data of living organisms. It plays very important role in research.
Biochemistry:
It is branch of biology which deals with the study of molecules which form living organisms or cell and requires authentic knowledge about biology and chemistry to explain the synthesis of biomolecules and function of different molecules in the body of an organism.
Biogeography:
It deals with the distribution of different living organisms in different geographical regions of the world. Many living organisms are restricted to particular geographical regions due to environmental conditions.
Bio-economics:
This deals with the economically important organisms involved in production, e.g meat production, etc. are calculated for cost value and profit value.
(iii) Describe the level of organization.
THE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
The levels of organization in living world are based on chemical foundation. All the living organisms are made up of cells and the protoplasm of cell is the physical as well as chemical basis of life. These levels are as follows:
1. Atomic level of organization:
All the matter is made up of elements, which is composed of atom (a: not, form: cut). Each atom is made up of sub-atomic particles, such as electrons, protons and neutrons. In nature, there are more than 100 kinds of elements and among these 16 elements are called as bio-elements, which are vital for life. Only six elements such as C, H, O, N, S, and P are called basic elements of life.
2. Molecular level of organization:
Molecules are formed by the binding of atoms. These organic molecules of cells are called as bio-molecules. These are constructed in great variety and complexity. They are classified as micro-molecules and macromolecules. Glucose, amino acid and fatty acids are micro-molecules, where as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are macro-molecules. The units of micro-molecules combine together to form macro-molecules.
3. Cellular level of organization:
The biomolecules when work together in the form of suspension, It is called Protoplasm. Protoplasm is the combination of organic and specific inorganic substances. When protoplasm work in the form of a unit, this is called Cell. Cell is the basic unit of living organisms. When similar type of cells organize together in a group, called tissues. The different types of tissues arranged in a particular manner to work together are called Organs. Organs of different types work in a co-ordinated manner to perform a function is called Organ-system. When different organ-system function in co-ordination in as a unit, they form a body or Multicellular Organism.
4. Taxonomic level:
There is another level of organization which is related with living organisms. The Species is the smallest unit of taxonomic level of organization, which includes morphologically similar living organisms which inter-breed and produce fertile offspring.
5. Population level:
All the members of a species, living in specific habitat are called Population. A group of parrots living on tree, is called the parrot population.
6. Community level:
The members of different species living in specific habitat are called as Community. A group of different kind of birds, living on tree, is called as bird community.
7. Ecological system:
Communities always depends upon their non-living environment in a reciprocal interaction for their survival. For example oxygen for respiration is obtained from environment and in turn given out CO2. This interaction is called Ecosystem or Ecological system.
8. Biosphere level:
The part of earth where life exists is called biosphere. It consists of different kinds of eco systems.
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